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Pistachio Nuts • Ian


Flourishing in hot climates, pistachios spread from the Middle East to the Mediterranean,

  

Flourishing in hot climates, pistachios spread from the Middle East to the Mediterranean, quickly becoming a treasured delicacy among royalty, travelers and common folk alike. The pistachio's high nutritional value and long storage life also made it an indispensable travel item among early explorers and traders. Along with almonds, pistachios were frequently carried by travelers across the ancient Silk Road that connected China with the West.

History of the pistachio

Pistachios are one of the oldest flowering nut trees. Recent archeological evidence suggests that the nuts were being used for foodas early as 7,000 B.C.

 

Growth habits

The pistachio is a broad, bushy, tree which grows slowly to a height and spread of 25 to 30 feet (7 to 9 m), with one or several trunks. It is deciduous (drops its leaves each year) and dioecious (comes in separate sexes with the male trees bearing pollen and the female trees bearing the nuts). Both male and female trees must be present for fruit to set, or a branch from a male tree may be grafted on a female tree. The trees are wind-pollinated rather than bee-pollinated. The trees are inclined to spread and droop, and may initially need staking. Their open habit and attractive foliage make them valuable ornamentals

 

Like many other nut trees, the pistachio is alternate bearing - producing a heavy crop one year and a lighter crop the next. Pistachios mature rather slowly, reaching significant production seven to ten years after planting. Peak production is reached at about 20 years. Under favourable conditions pistachio trees live and produce for centuries.

Pistachio trees are very tolerant of drought, frost, heat, and saline soil. They need a sunny position and well-drained soil and do best with deep, infrequent watering. Pistachio trees do poorly in conditions of high humidity, and are susceptible to root rot if they get too much water and the soil is not sufficiently free draining. Since pistachios grow slowly, they do not require large quantities of nitrogen fertilizer. A spring feeding of a complete, balanced fertilizer should be adequate.

 

Culture

Pistachio trees will grow and survive in a wide range of conditions, but thrive in areas which have winters cool enough to break bud dormancy and long, hot summers. Chill requirements are estimated at 600 to 1,500 hours below 7° C, depending on cultivar.

Pruning

Pruning can be important to commercial growers in order to shape the trees for mechanical harvesting, but less so for the home orchardist. After initial training, little pruning is needed except to remove interfering branches.

Harvesting

Pistachio nuts grow in grape-like clusters and are encased in an outer skin, or hull. When pistachios ripen, the hull turns rosy and the shell within splits naturally. The nuts are harvested when the husk or hull covering the shell becomes fairly loose, usually in late August to early September. Pistachios can be shaken, knocked or handpicked from the tree. A single shaking will bring down the bulk of the matured nuts, which can be caught on a tarp or canvas. A fully mature tree may produce as much as 50 pounds of dry, hulled nuts.

Hulling

Once pistachios are harvested, the hulls should be removed within a short period of time - no more than 24 hours - to avoid shell staining. (The hull traps moisture that stains the shell if left for a long period of time.) Hulls can be removed by gently rubbing the pistachios together between two towels or in a plastic bag. To enhance splitting, the hulled nuts may then be dipped into water to moisten the shell and spread out in the sun to dry.

 

Uses

The kernels are often eaten whole, either fresh or roasted and salted. About 90% of pistachios are consumed as in-shell snacks. Shelled pistachios are often utilized in ice cream, confections and bakery goods or added to dressings, casseroles, salads and other dishes.

Spread nuts on a cookie sheet in a preheated 120° C (250° F) oven and roast 1-1/2 to 1-3/4 hours, depending upon taste preference. Stir every 30 minutes. Stored in plastic bags pistachios will last for at least 4 to 6 weeks in the refrigerator. Frozen they will last for months.

Salting and roasting

Home roasting allows you to prepare pistachios according to your own personal taste: shorter roasting time for crisp pistachios with minimal roasted flavour, and longer roasting time for a stronger roasted flavour.

To salt the nuts before roasting, dissolve 2 to 3 ounces of salt in 4 ounces of water. Pour this salt solution into a deep saucepan over high heat. Add about 8 to 10 cups of pistachios and stir until all water has evaporated and the salt is deposited on the nuts. Try adding your favourite spices with the salt, giving them your own personal touch.

 

Good for you

Pistachio nuts are considered one of the prime edible nuts, along with almonds, macadamias and cashews. They are a natural and healthy snack that is very low in saturated fat, high in dietary fibres, and a great source of protein. They also contain lots of essential vitamins, minerals and amino-acids. They are a powerhouse of nutrients. Now, there´s something for a delicious and healthy habit in the New Year …

Marc Vijverberg

 

 

 

 Marc Vijverberg

Marc Vijverberg and Gurli Jakobsen 638 180 284 659 880 444

Guardamar del Segura

[email protected]

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